In Ayurveda, states of diseases are broadly classified into Tridosha (Three Elements) -Vaat (Airy), Pitta (Bilious) and Kapha (Phlegmatic). These elements help in the diagnosis of diseases and its remedies. The Tridoshas associated with the planets are as follows:

Sun -Bilious

Moon -Airy and Phlegmatic

Mars -Bilious

Mercury – Airy, Bilious and Phlegmatic

Jupiter – Phlegmatic

Venus -Airy

Saturn -Airy

यत् पिण्डे तत् ब्रह्माण्डे, meaning – “All that is outside you is within you,” OR “Your body is a miniature universe.” OR “Macrocosm within the Microcosm” Pindanda means “microcosm” and Brahmanda means “macrocosm“; thus, a more literal translation would be “Whatever is in the microcosm is also in the macrocosm.” 

The macro-cosmos consisting of entire cosmos which in turn is encompassed with panch bhootas namely Aakash (Ether), Vayu (Air), Agni (Fire), Jal (Water) and Prithvi (Earth). Thus, in a way we can conclude that all the planets are in a way inside your body. The proportion of Vaat (Airy), Pitta (Bilious) and Kapha (Phlegmatic) may vary from person to person.

Every human body is prone to diseases of varied nature. The type of disease one gets depends upon one’s past karmas or deeds in the previous birth.

Let us understand the planet linkages to the microcosm (human body):

1. Sun and Moon rule 2 eyes
2. Mercury and Venus rule nostrils (tip of the nose represents Mercury and the rest of the nose is Jupiter)
3. Saturn and Mars rule ears
4. Jupiter rules speech
5. Rahu and Ketu rules excretory organs

Let us understand the planet linkages with body parts:

1. Sun – Heart, Eyesight, General Body, Constitution, General Health
2. Moon – Breast, mind, head, chest, Kidney, Water in Body
3. Mars -Blood, bone marrow, genitals, rectum, veins, head, female organs, Fore-head, vitality, pregnancy problems, blood pressure, anger, aggression, menstrual cycle.
4. Mercury – Tongue, arms, mouth, chest, spinal cord, gall bladder, nerves, skin, memory
5. Jupiter – Fat, kidney, liver, tongue, higher mental plane, Diabetes.
6. Saturn – All types of joints, particularly knee cap and knee joints, arthritis and muscular pains, feet.
7. Venus – Eye trouble, pigmentation causing ugliness, legs, hair, sweat glands, fatigue, weakness, piles.
8. Rahu – Bad Teeth, dental problems, suicidal tendencies, murderous acts, maniacs, excretory organs, genitals.
9. Ketu – Feet, excretory organs, impotency.

Below table indicates Nakshatra – Body Parts – Associated Illness

#	Nakshatra	Body Part	Disease
1	Ashwini	Upper Feet	Periodical Fever
2	Bharani	Lower Feet	Dysentry
3	Kritika	Head	Intestinal Diseases – Constipation or Diarrhoea
4	Rohini	Fore-Head	Piles or Rectal Disorders
5	Mrigashira	Eyebrows	Indigestion
6	Aadra	Eyes	Weak Digestion
7	Punarvasu	Nose	Cholera
8	Pushya	Face	Tastelessness (Anavoxea)
9	Ashlesha	Ears	Anaemia
10	Magha	Chin	Breathing and other respiratory problems
11	Purva Falguni	Right Hand	Cough -Dry or Wet
12	Uttar Falguni	Left Hand	Leprosey or Skin Disease
13	Hasta	Fingers	Diabetes
14	Chitra	Neck	Giddiness or Loss of Consciousness
15	Swati	Chest	Eye Diseases
16	Vishakha	Lungs	Ear Diseases
17	Anuradha	Stomach	Nose Diseases
18	Jyestha	Right Portion of Stomach	Mouth Diseases includes diseases of Teeth, tongue, lips, pallet, gum and throat.
19	Moola	Left Stomach	Tuberculosis
20	Purva Aashadha	Back	Stones in Urinary Tract
21	Uttar Aashadha	Waist	Diseases connected to Vomiting
22	Shravan	Upper Genital	Tastelessness disease
23	Dhanishta	Generative Organs	Vaat Disorders like Sprains, Rheumatism, etc.
24	Shadbhisha	Right Thigh	Bilious (Pitta) Disease
25	Purva Bhadrapada	Left Thigh	Phlegmatic (Kapha) Diseases
26	Uttar Bhadrapada	Ankle	Diseases due to Fatigue
27	Revati	Feet	Disease developed from Boils and Wounds

Astrologically, above diseases can be kept under control by propitiating the respective Nakshatra devatas.